The issue of the Kurds and their desire for independence is one of the important political issues of the western borders of Iran, which has wide regional and extra-regional dimensions, and its developments have a great impact on the neighbor areas. The formation of the Iraqi Kurdistan region and the presence of hostile Kurdish groups have affected the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The purpose of the upcoming research is to identify the factors that have a negative impact on the relations between Iran and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and the threats caused by the presence of anti-Islamic Republic Kurdish groups. The assumption of the research is that the activities of separatist and violent groups in the form of Pejak and Komoleh in the northwestern borders of Iran have caused border insecurity. Another issue is the security and intelligence relationship of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region with the Zionist regime and the Kurdish region’s strategic participation in anti-Iranian plans with some regional and extra-regional powers. This article deals with the most important traumatic components in Iran’s regional relations with the Kurdistan region of Iraq with the analytical-descriptive method by applying Stephen Walt’s balance of threat theory.