The Islamic Republic of Iran and Russia’s military-security cooperation in the Syrian case began in 2015; this partnership, or in other words, the military alliance, was divided into specific tasks to confront the opposing and terrorist groups in Syria and this led to dramatic changes in the Syrian military equations, and over time, the military equation in the light of this coalition and with the participation of the Syrian army changed in favor of the ruling system.

This partnership and cooperation not only led to a change in the military balance of power in favor of the Syrian government and to contain US policy in the field of Syrian developments, but also led to a new process of cooperation between Iran and Russia in the political arena in the light of the process of Astana negotiating with the participation of Turkey, both countries began to play a role in the process of political settlement of the developments in Syria.

In this paper, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on library resources and interviewing, it attempts to explain the factors of convergence and divergence in the future of Iran and Russia relations in the Syrian case, to discuss possible future scenarios of the two countries.

The findings of the paper indicate that the cooperation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Russia will continue in the light of focusing on common threats and opportunities in the field of military and security in the post-crisis time, and both sides will continue to cooperate with each other, because of the mutual needs in different aspects.