Peace is an urgent need of the current political and social society of Afghanistan. This country, which has endured more than four decades of multiple internal crises and foreign aggression by the former Soviet Union and the United States, remains in a fragile security situation, political instability and escalating conflict. The US invasion of Afghanistan was carried out under the pretext of fighting terrorism and establishing peace and security; But for a variety of reasons, US action has not only led to the spread of violence and the re-emergence of the Taliban, Rather, direct US negotiations have given the Taliban legitimacy. The direct US negotiations with the Taliban and the signing of the Afghanistan Peace Agreement, known as the Doha Agreement, had an outcome, which is the holding of inter-Afghan talks. The talks were scheduled to begin after the release of Taliban and Afghan security forces prisoners. But the talks began six months late and stalled several times. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the challenges of inter-Afghan negotiations and the internal and external obstacles to lasting peace in Afghanistan. Whether the negotiations are on the right rail and if not, what are the obstacles that actually reverse the outcome of the inter-Afghan talks? Who are the influential domestic and foreign actors in these negotiations, and basically what obstacles have caused the negotiations to not make progress?

Syria’s geographical position is such that it provides the ground for geographical connectivity between Iran, Iraq and Lebanon and is a link between this chain, and this issue has given this country an important role and position in the eyes of the Islamic Republic of Iran and because of its support for the Axis of Resistance, this country is referred to as the “backbone of the Axis of Resistance.”

Following the crisis in Syria, as a strategic ally of Iran in many issues in the region, the Islamic Republic entered Syria as a supporter of this country and took steps to support it in various political, military, security, economic and media fields.