–  Eliot A. Cohen, Eliot A. (2003) World War IV: Lets Call this Conflict What It Is, Wall St. J., Nov. 20.

– Rosenau, William (2005) Mcgraw-Hill Homeland Security Handbook 1137, available at www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/2006/RAND-RP1218.pdf.

– Dudziak, Mary (1988) Desegregation as a Cold War Imperative, 41 Stan. L. Rev. 61.

– P.W. Singer (2007), American goodwill, in shackles, Salon.com, June 26, available at http://www. salon.com/opinion/feature/2007/06/26/war-of-ideas/

– Telhami Shibley, (2008) Annua l Arab Public Opinion Poll: Survey of the Anwar Sadat Chair for Peace and Development at the University of Maryland, available at http://sadat. umd.edu/surveys/2008%20Arab%20Public%20Opinion%20Survey.ppt.

– Pew Global Attitudes Project (2006), America’s Imag e Slips, But Allies Share U.S. Concerns Over Iran, Hamas, availableat http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=252.

– U.S. Gov’t Accountability Office (2006), GAO-06-535, U.S. Public Diplomacy: State Department Efforts to Engag e Muslim Audiences Lack Certain Communication Elements and Face Significant Challenges 10, available at http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d06535.pdf.

– Pew Global Attitudes Project (2005), American Character Gets Mixed Reviews: U.S. Imag e Up Slightly, But Still Negative, available at http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/247.pdf.

– Gordon, Philip H.(2007), Take Some Cues From the Cold War, Mr. President, Wash. Post, Aug. 19,  at B03, available at http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2007/0819 forceandlegitimacy gordon.aspx.

– Kennedy Senator John F. and Vice President Richard M. Nixon Second Joint Radio-Television Broadcast (1961), available at http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/Archives/ Reference+’Desk/Speeches/JFK/JFK+Pre-Pres/1960/Senator+John+F.+Kennedy+and+Vice+ President +Richard+M.+Nixon+Second+Joint+Radio-Television+Broadcast.htm.

 – Huntington, Samuel (0998), The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order.

– U.S. Marine Corps Combat Dev (2005). Command, Small Wars/ 21st Century 79.

– Nye, Jr. Joseph (2002), The Paradox of American Power: Why the World’s Only Superpower Can’t Go It Alone 141.

– Estimates, Davidm. (2008), of Iraq War Were Not Close to Ballpark, N.Y. Times, Mar. 19, 2008, available at http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/19/washington/19cost.html.

– Rosenau, supra note 2, at 1137.

– Amr Hady (2004), The Need to Communicate: How to Improve U.S. Public Diplomacy With the Islamic World 36, available at http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2004/ 01islamicworld-amr/amr 2004 0101. pdf.

– The President’s FY 2006 International Affairs Budget: Hearing Before the S. Subcomm. On State,Foreign Operations and Related Programs, 109th Cong. (2005) (statement of Condoleezza Rice, Secretary of State of the United States).

– Amr Hady (2005), American Public Diplomacy: Some Lessons From Germany, The Daily Star, July 15, available at http://www.spinwatch.org/content/view/1475/9/.

– Baxter Sarah (2005), Rumsfeld’s Al-Jazeera outburst, Times Online, Nov. 27, available at http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article597096.ece.

– Telhami, supra note 5, at 3.

 – Barisic Sonja (2002), Pat Robertson Describes Islam as Violent Religion that Wants to Dominate, Destroy, The Associated Press, Feb. 22, available at https://www.synapsenow.com/synapse/ news/fullstory_public.cfm ?articleid=6316&website=israelfacts.org.

– U.S. Public Diplomacy: State Department Efforts to Engage Muslim Audiences Lack Certain Communication Elements and Face Significant Challenges, supra note 6, at 37.

– Advisory Group on Public Diplomacy in the Arab and Muslim World, Changing Minds Winning Peace: a New Strategic Direction for the U.S. Public Diplomacy in the Arab and Muslim World 28 (2003).

–  Press Release (2007), U.S. Dep’t of State, Arabic Speakers- Embassy Baghdad (Taken Question) June 19, available at http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2007/jun/86792.htm.

– Amr, supra note 18.

– Comments on Radio Sawa and al Hurra Television, Hearing Before the Subcomm. on Intl. Relations and Terrorism of the S. Comm. on Foreign Relations, 108^th Cong. (2004), statement of William A. Rugh, Ambassador, available at www.senate.gov/~foreign/testimony/ 2004/RughTestimony040429.pdf.

– Kinnane Derk (2004), Winning Over the Muslim Mind, National Interest, Spring, available at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi-m2751/is-75/ai-n6077656.

– CooK Stephen (2004), Hearts, Minds and Hearings, N.Y. Times, July 6, available at http://www.cfr. org/publication/7168/hearts_minds_and_hearings.html.

– Peaden John N. & Peter W. Singer (2003), America Slams the Door (on its Foot): Washington’s Destructive New Visa Policies, Foreign Affairs, June, available at http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20030501facomment11216/john-n-paden-peter-w-singer/america-slams-the-door-on-its-foot-washington- s-destructive-new-visa-policies.html.

– Maher Heather (2006), Islam: Muslim Americans to Improve U.S. Image Abroad, Radio Free Europe/ Radio Liberty, June 16, available at: http://www.rferl.org/ featuresarticle/ 2006/06/b47f318d-dcef-4b59-ac09-9a9d33a70805.html.

– Pew Global Attitudes Project (2007), Rising Environmental Concern in 47-Nation Survey: Global Unease With Major World Powers 61-62.

– U.S. Dep’t of Defense (2004), Office of the Under-Sec’y of Def. for Acqu isition, Tech. and Logistics. Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Strategic Communication 3 (2004), available at http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/2004-09-Strategic_Communication.pdf.

–  Franklin Graham conducts services at Pentagon, Cnn. com, Apr. 18, 2003, available at: http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/ 04/18/graham.pentagon/.

–  Woolsey James (2003), At War for Freedom, The Gua Rdian, July 20.

– Hoagland Jim (2001), How to Respond, Wash. Post, Sept. 18, at B07.

– BBC News (2003), US is ‘Battling Satan’ Says General, Oct. 17, available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3199212.stm.